In summary, Trend Micro has found only one criminal LLM: WormGPT. Instead, there is a growing incidence, and therefore potential use, of jailbreaking services: EscapeGPT, BlackHatGPT, and LoopGPT. (The RSA presentation is supported by a separate Trend Micro blog.)

There is also an increasing number of ‘services’ whose purpose is unclear. These provide no demo and only mention their supposed capabilities: high on claims but low on proof. FraudGPT is one example.